Roman Aqueducts Essay

Handwrite your KWO  (remember to put your name on it)

Indicate 1 of each DRESS UP

Indicate OPENERs  (1) and  (6) if you remember how to do that. This is not required but strongly encouraged.

Include a checklist.  

You may consult another source to add information to your essay. If you do this, KWO the info you will use, and add it to the bottom of the KWO of our IEW source text (pg. 34).

Add the tidbits of extra info where they make sense.

Provide your source(s): You MUST include the website URL link at the bottom of your final draft. If you use a book, please provide the title and author's name

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Highlight vocab in cyan blue.

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Remember the title block formatting you took notes on in class.

Need help? Look on the right side bar of this website :-)

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Remember title capitalization rules discussed in class. I hope you took notes!

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Order of submission:

Final Draft on top

Outside sources

Checklist

KWO on the bottom

Roman Hypocaust Systems DUE 9-27-23

Submit your work in this order (stapled at the top left)

1) Essay Final Draft with properly indicated stylistic techniques (DRESS UPs and OPENERs)   ON TOP

2) Checklist

3) KWO (handwritten)    ON BOTTOM

THE REQUIRED STYLISTIC REQUIREMENTS:

DRESS UPs
w/w =  one who or which clause

bc = one because clause (inside the sentence --> DRESS UPs never start the sentence)

ly  = an adverb ending in "ly" that modifies a verb

QA = quality adjective

SV = strong verb

OPENERs

(1)  =  A sentence that begins with the word "Because." Make sure it is a complete sentence and that it has a comma after the "because clause."

(6)  = vss / a very short sentence / 5 words or less

Remember that you may consult outside sources in order to gain a little bit more information. Include the source / website at the bottom of your final draft

KWO the outside information, and include it in your main KWO

NO banned words, contractions or dialogue (famous or fitting quotes are acceptable)

Here is a link to the template for your CHECKLIST.   It is also available on the side bar of this website.

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1tB95vO37zy7I0hfu6eauE6QeM6lXAU6h6jBzHgV87jI/edit?usp=sharing

Why Can’t You Wear White After Labor Day?

Why Can’t You Wear White After Labor Day?

VOGUE ARTICLE  by ELISE TAYLOR

September 1, 2023

PARAGRAPH 1 It is a truth universally acknowledged that you can’t wear white after Labor Day. But why? It’s a fashion rule that has been parroted by grandmothers, general interest magazines, and teenage mean girls for generations, as if it’s a statute that society has always abided by. Break it and—the horror!—you’re committing a sartorial sin.

PARAGRAPH 2  As with so many American fashion edicts, though, its origins can be traced back to the elite of the Gilded Age. Every summer, they would decamp from the crowded, sweltering city to cooler places by the ocean, such as Newport or Southampton, for the entire season. Packed in their trunks were wardrobes of white.

PARAGRAPH 3  It was a practical choice, above all: back then, it was wholly inappropriate to wear tank tops, shorts, or mini-dresses even as the temperatures soared. White, which reflects light, keeps the wearer cooler. Plus, linen—a popular, breathable fabric especially for suits—usually came in neutral tones.

PARAGRAPH 4 

Then, the emergence of sportswear also played a role in the popularity and prestige of garments that were white. In the early 19th century, tennis became a popular co-ed sport among the moneyed class. Wearing a white uniform had been a tradition since the 16th century in France. At that time nobles wore white while playing the indoor game of jeu de paume. In fact, in 1977, London's Wimbledon Club made it a strict requirement for their players. Why? White masks sweat! At the time sweat was considered extremely unseemly. It was considered especially unbecoming in the presence of the opposite sex. For those reasons, white also became popular to wear while pursuing leisure sports like cycling. Many women favored a white or partially white combination of tailored blouse paired with a long skirt. This ensemble allowed for easier movement. John Singer Sargent's 1897 portrait of Gilded Age socialite Edith Minturn exemplified this.

PARAGRAPH 5  Then, there was a class element at play: white didn’t show sweat, but it did show dirt. To wear white was a subtle way of showing you weren’t doing the landscaping, cooking, or cleaning. It told everyone that you were not doing any manual labor. That meant you were rich enough to be paying someone else to do these things.

PARAGRAPH 6   When fall came, the wealthy packed their whites away. They didn’t need to wear them because temperatures had cooled. The tennis tournaments had finished. But they also couldn’t wear them. Back then, the New York City streets were filthy. They were made of dirt, covered in horse excrement, as well as rotting garbage. If you walked out wearing white, it would soon be covered in grime. “White, while perfect for the country, it is, because it soils so easily, impossible for town wear,” Vogue wrote in 1925.

PARAGRAPH 7  There were exceptions to the of stigma around wearing white after Labor Day. White furs were always popular in the winter. Women often wore lighter colors to balls or at the opera. This was a actually a status symbol! It showed you had a carriage staffed with footmen! That ensured that your dress wouldn’t get dirty. In fact, if you look at Gilded to Progressive back issues of Vogue, you’ll find many of our illustrations featuring women in white or lightly-hued fancy dress.

PARAGRAPH 8  In the 1910s and 1920s, however, everything changed. With the mass production of Henry Ford’s Model T in 1908, a new era for New York City was ushered in. What was once a carriage town quickly became a car town. From 1915, even those who didn’t have a Ford could hire a cab from John Hertz’s Yellow Cab company. Rail transportation, too, rapidly expanded. Over the next 49 years, New York’s subway system became one of the most sophisticated and sprawling in the world.

PARAGRAPH 9  How does that relate to wearing white? The final piece of the puzzle lies in the expansion of New York City’s Sanitation Department, led by Colonel Waring.

PARAGRAPH  10  In 1895, a New York Times article read “Clean Streets At Last.” Things were changing and becoming cleaner in New York City. The reporter noticed that there were "clean gutters and absolute sweetness.” By the 1920s, Waring’s “White Wings”—or sanitation workers, were commonplace on the streets. They wore white uniforms to show a medical-like authority. So, slowly but surely, the reasons why you couldn't wear white in the city faded away. Similar trends were growing in European cities as well. In Paris, Coco Chanel started wearing white regardless of the season. Meanwhile, American Vogue began dressing models in “winter whites” throughout their cold-weather issues. This is an aesthetic you can still find in Vogue’s pages today.

PARAGRAPH 11  Yet, old habits die hard! Somehow the “no white after labor day” old wives’ tale stuck. It remains bafflingly. In Amy Vanderbilt’s Ladies Home Journal advice column in the 1970s, she responded to a reader who posed the question, “I don’t know where the rule began, but it no longer holds.” Throughout the decades, some of the world’s best-dressed women have worn white year round. These fashion icons include Coco Chanel, Gigi Hadid, and Michelle Obama.

PARAGRAPH 12 So, perhaps the time is nigh to issue a declaration. We don’t live in the Gilded Age anymore. Our streets are paved. Our supermarkets stock antiperspirants. You can wear white after Labor Day.

Vocabulary Words:

PARAGRAPH 1

1. parroted

2. statute

3. abided

4. sartorial

PARAGRAPH 2

1. edicts

2. elite

3. decamp

4. sweltering

PARAGRAPH 4

1. emergence

2. jeu de paume

3. unseemly

4. leisure

5. ensemble

6. exemplified

7. Gilded Age

PARAGRAPH 5

1. subtle

2. manual labor 

PARAGRAPH 7

1. stigma

PARAGRAPH 8

1. ushered

PARAGRAPH 9

1. Sanitation Department

PARAGRAPH 10

1. waxing hopeful

2. derelict streets

3. festering

4. fetid

5. aesthetic

PARAGRAPH 11

1. old wives’ tale 

2. bafflingly

PARAGRAPH 12

1. the time is nigh
   

2. declaration

1) How did the mass production of Henry Ford’s Model T in 1908 usher in a new era for New York City?     What made this so different from the way things had been before 1908?

2) Who is/was John Hertz? What is the Hertz company primarily known for today?

3) Who is/was Amy Vanderbilt? Why might people (especially women) have cared about her opinion?

4) Who is/was Coco Chanel?

5) Who is/was Gigi Hadid?

6) Who is Ladies Home Journal? Does it still exist?                                                                                                                                                                    

7) Who is Vogue? Does it still exist?

Key Word Outlining (w/ examples)

WHY IS KEY WORD OUTLINING SO IMPORTANT?

Key Word Outlining is an efficient note-taking method which also helps make your writing original.  When the “rules” are followed, you are freed from the wording of the original source. Once you learn and practice key word outlining, you will never need to plagiarize or “copy and paste” to produce a paper. Key Word Outlining trains you to minimally note the information you need, leaving you free to write in your own words.

Saying things in one’s own way is completely natural. After hearing someone relate a story or an interesting news item, no one uses the words of the original speaker when repeating the information. People tend to remember the facts that they think are the most important or most interesting and repeat them in their own words.

Unfortunately, words on a page are not so easily escaped. The challenge in writing from written sources is to get away from the original source so that the language that comes out is itself original. Key Word Outlining is the easiest way to escape the trap of repeating a source.

HOW TO MAKE A KEY WORD OUTLINE

Here are the “rules” for beginning key word outlining:

1. For each sentence or fact, pick out 3 words that are most important. These words should convey the most information facts.   
2. You may use abbreviations, symbols, and numbers in place of words.  These are “free”; they do not count as your 3 words.  Use standard abbreviations. The symbols should be recognizable enough that you will be able to remember what they mean when you come back to your outline at a later time.
3. For each fact, list 3 Key Words and any needed numbers, symbols, and abbreviations.  
4. Do not try to reproduce entire sentences for your outline. Be as brief as possible.  You want to be able to write the ideas in your own words.  Using too many words from the original makes it difficult to be original.
5. You may use synonyms in your KWO in place of the original word(s).  Sometimes a good synonym can be used to take the place of 2-3 words.
6. HANDWRITE YOUR KWO!

source: https://writingwithjennifer.com/2022/10/03/the-foundation-of-iew-writing-key-word-outlining/

EXAMPLES of KWOs 

Here is a simple one:

Here is a more complex one. This writer forgot to number the lines.

Here is one more example. This writer forgot the title and to number the lines

The writer also forgot to skip a space between lines.

Here is a KWO about the Amazon Rainforest. Note the quick symbols:

cat - animals

leaves = plants

Compare the KWO to the essay under it.

Amazon Rainforest

The largest rainforest in the world, the Amazon rainforest, is a habitat for many plants and animals. It is located in the northern part of South America and is home to millions of animal and plant species. The Amazon has an enormous biodiversity. Over ⅔ of the world’s flowering plants are found in the Amazon! The Amazon Rainforest has an astounding amount of land with 2,123,562 square miles. In the rainforest, there are millions of plant species, many still unrecorded. Many herbs found in the Amazon rainforest are used for medicines and many flowers are used as several types of herbal tea. The plantation in the Amazon rainforest provides a habitat for over 2.55 million species of animals. The Amazon rainforest is home to over 427 species of mammals, 1,300 species of birds, 378 species of reptiles, 400 species of amphibians, a whooping 2.5 million insects, and over 3,000 species of freshwater fish. The canopy of the Amazon Rainforest is extremely thick. In fact the Amazon’s floor is in permanent darkness, so the canopy is growing thicker to compete for sunlight. It is so thick that it takes about 10 minutes for water to reach the ground when it rains! Another important role of the Amazon rainforest is that it reduces climate change. This is because the rich vegetation takes carbon dioxide from our atmosphere and changes it into oxygen, which limits global warming. This amazing biodiverse rainforest is a true treasure of our Earth.

Lighthouse of Alexandria

Using your KWO, write an essay about The Lighthouse of Alexandria.

Indicate 1 of each DRESS UP (bold and underline the DU word)
ly
bc
QA
SV

Use Merriweather 12pt font, double space, and indent.

NO banned words, contractions, or dialogue

Highlight vocabulary words in cyan blue.

Copy and paste this CHECKLIST under your essay. Fill it out as demonstrated in class.

Your homework should be stapled together in this order:

TOP: Final Draft

UNDER THAT: Checklist

UNDER THAT: KWO from class

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BANNED WORDS  (these are also listed on the sidebar of this website)  -->

come /comes/coming/came eat /eats/eating/eaten/ate

go /goes/going/went/gone/gonna look / looks / looking /looked

give /gives/giving/given/gave big /bigger/biggest/ginormous

get /gets/getting/got/gotten pretty /prettier/prettiest/prettily

see /sees/seeing/seen/saw nice /nicer/nicest/nicely

say /says/saying/said like /likes/liked /liking

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Here is an example excerpt from a properly indicated essay:

     (S)The stunning Hanging Gardens of Babylon are considered one of the

Seven Wonders of The Ancient World. They were noted to be bewitching  although they

fell into ruin long ago, and some scholars questioned their very  existence.  (2)In 600BC,

Nebuchadnezzar, who was the king of Babylon, built these gardens because his wife

was homesick. (1)Because Babylon was a large, flat  desert, King Nebuchadnezzar decided

to build a colossal structure.

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Here is an example of a properly notated checklist: 

Popcorn, as Much Fun to Make as it is to Eat!

Popcorn, as Much Fun to Make as it is to Eat!

Popcorn is a fun snack, commonly associated with a trip to the movie theater. But what are the

origins of this tasty treat? 

Believe it or not, evidence of popcorn can be traced back to the Neolithic era in South and

Central America (~4500 BC). Popcorn quickly spread north. 

In 1948, two archaeologists happened upon  small corn heads and popped kernels while

exploring a cave in New Mexico. This popcorn was carbondated to 3600 BC. Mexican pottery

believed to be from 300 AD depicts scenes of a corn god with popcorn on his head. 700 years

later, in about 1000 AD, Pueblo Indians in Utah began eating popcorn. In Mexico, Indians

would actually beat the popcorn to a powder, store it in little pouches on their belts, and use

it as a high-energy snack to fuel them as they worked. In the late 1600s, French explorers

discovered that Iroquois Indians in the Great Lakes region enjoyed popcorn. English colonists

also favored the snack, but in much different ways than we do in the 21st century.

They consumed it as a breakfast cereal, accompanied in the bowl by milk and sugar, or as little

balls dipped in molasses. This would have a version of our modern-day trail mix. In fact, by the

1800s, popcorn was the most popular snack in North America. It was usually homemade.

The snack also began appearing on the shelves of general stores in the 1800s. In 1885, a man

by the name of Charles Cretors invented the popcorn machine. It was powered by gasoline,

much like a car. Because of the creation of the machine, popcorn quickly became a common

street food. Usually, popcorn vendors looked for large crowds to make better popcorn sales.

They were commonly found in front of movie theaters, thus leading to the connection between

the movies and munching on popcorn. When the Great Depression hit, devastating the nation’s

economy, popcorn was one of the few snacks people could afford. World War II was not far

behind and it led to the rationing of many things, including sugar and cocoa. This turn of events

only advanced popcorn’s popularity. By 1959,  a company, eager to make money, had decided

that popcorn was too difficult for people to make at home in a pot. Jiffy Pop began selling pre-

packaged popcorn. The front of the package has ‘BUTTER’ plastered to the front, but after

studying the ingredients, it is evident that Jiffy Pop contains no butter. the ingredie    

But, no matter whether your popcorn is made at home or store-bought, we can all agree that it is a

tasty treat and  “as much fun to make as it is to eat.”

Adjectives: Attributive, Predicative, Postpositive

Descriptive Adjectives

Determiners

 https://www.grammar-monster.com/lessons/adjectives.htm