ciudad city or town
bosque forest
animales animals
pájaros birds
ciervo deer
tortuga tortoise
cuervo crow
ratón mouse or rat
ciudad city or town
bosque forest
animales animals
pájaros birds
ciervo deer
tortuga tortoise
cuervo crow
ratón mouse or rat
Spanish to English: Translate the Sentences DUE 2-26-23
HINTS / REMINDERS:
Where is . . . . ? = ¿Donde está . . . . ?
flowers = flores
I want = Yo quiero
I like = Te gusta
the library = la biblioteca
Do you speak English?
What is your name?
I want Taco Bell!
We have a cat.
I like dogs.
Maria speaks Spanish.
We write in class.
My favorite color is yellow.
Where is the library?
Where is the blue house?
Where is the class?
Do you like red flowers?
I like blue flowers.
Pleased to meet you!
I want a little dog.
≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈
ANSWERS:
Do you speak English? ¿Hablas tu español?
What is your name? ¿Cómo te llamas?
I want Taco Bell! ¡Yo quiero Taco Bell!
We have a cat. Tenemos un gato.
I like dogs. Me gustan los perros.
Maria speaks Spanish. María habla español.
We write in class. Nosotros escribimos en clase.
My favorite color is yellow. Mi color favorito es el amarillo.
Where is the library? ¿Donde está la biblioteca?
Where is the blue house? ¿Donde está la casa azul?
Where is the class?
Do you like red flowers?
I like blue flowers.
Pleased to meet you!
I want a little dog.
1) Sam escribe una nota.
2) Mi mama habla español.
3) Yo tengo cinco sombreros.
4) Nosotros escribimos en clase.
5) Yo tengo un perro blanco pequeño.
6) ¿Cuál es tu animal favorito?
7) Buenas tardes. ¿Cómo estás?
8) Rojo y azul hacen morado.
9) ¿Quieres galletas de jengibre?
10) Me gustan tus ojos azul.
ANSWERS:
1) Sam writes a note. 2) My Mom speaks Spanish. 3) I have 5 hats. 4) We write in class. 5) I have a small white dog. 6) What is your favorite animal? 7) Good afternoon. How are you? 8) Red and blue make purple. 9) Do you like gingerbread cookies? 10) I like your blue eyes.
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Translate into Spanish (Use the patterns above and the words you know to help you).
1) Maria speaks Spanish.
2) My Mom writes in class.
3) I have green eyes.
4) What is your favorite cookie?
5) Yellow and blue make green.
6) Do you like dogs?
7) I have a small house.
8) I have a big house.
9) We have a white house.
10) I like cats.
New pattern:
English: My cat is black. Spanish: My gato es negro.
Now you translate these sentences into Spanish.
English: My dog is big. Spanish:
English: The class is small. Spanish:
English: The cookie is delicious Spanish:
(deliciosa = delicious)
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MORE SPANISH FUN!
Pedro el Pez
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gie9aMIeir0
"Where is?" Song
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yBTYt2vSVBI
(prepositions of locations)
"What Color is it?" Song
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bnuj5kte3o4
"My Uncle has a Farm" Song
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FXr6QTZKPuA
(Animal Vocabulary)
For thousands of years, medical practitioners clung to the belief that sickness was merely the result of a little “bad blood.” Bloodletting probably began with the ancient Sumerians and Egyptians, but it didn’t become common practice until the time of classical Greece and Rome. Influential physicians like Hippocrates and Galen maintained that the human body was filled with four basic substances, or “humors”—yellow bile, black bile, phlegm and blood—and these needed to be kept in balance to maintain proper health. With this in mind, patients with a fever or other ailment were often diagnosed with an overabundance of blood. To restore bodily harmony, their doctor would simply cut open a vein and drain some of their vital fluids into a receptacle. In some cases, leeches were even used to suck the blood directly from the skin.
While it could easily result in accidental death from blood loss, phlebotomy endured as a common medical practice well into the 19th century. Medieval doctors prescribed blood draining as a treatment for everything from a sore throat to the plague, and some barbers listed it as a service along with haircuts and shaves. The practice finally fell out of vogue after new research showed that it might be doing more harm than good, but leeching and controlled bloodletting are still used today as treatments for certain rare illnesses.
2. Trepanation
Humanity’s oldest form of surgery is also one of its most gruesome. As far back as 7,000 years ago, civilizations around the world engaged in trepanation—the practice of boring holes in the skull as a means of curing illnesses. Researchers can only speculate on how or why this grisly form of brain surgery first developed. A common theory holds that it may have been some form of tribal ritual or even a method for releasing evil spirits believed to possess the sick and mentally ill. Still others argue that it was a more conventional surgery used to treat epilepsy, headaches, abscesses and blood clots. Trepanned skulls found in Peru hint that it was also a common emergency treatment for cleaning out bone fragments left behind by skull fractures, and evidence shows that many of the patients survived the surgery.3. Mercury
Mercury is notorious for its toxic properties, but it was once used as a common elixir and topical medicine. The ancient Persians and Greeks considered it a useful ointment, and second-century Chinese alchemists prized liquid mercury, or “quicksilver,” and red mercury sulfide for their supposed ability to increase lifespan and vitality. Some healers even promised that by consuming noxious brews containing poisonous mercury, sulfur and arsenic, their patients would gain eternal life and the ability to walk on water. One of the most famous casualties of this diet was the Chinese Emperor Qin Shi Huang, who supposedly died after ingesting mercury pills designed to make him immortal.
From the Renaissance until the early 20th century, Mercury was also used as a popular medicine for diseases like syphilis. While some accounts claimed the heavy metal treatment was successful in fighting off the infection, patients often died from liver and kidney damage caused by mercury poisoning.
4. Animal Dung Ointments
The ancient Egyptians had a remarkably well-organized medical system, complete with doctors who specialized in healing specific ailments. Nevertheless, the cures they prescribed weren’t always up to snuff. Lizard blood, dead mice, mud and moldy bread were all used as topical ointments and dressings, and women were sometimes dosed with horse saliva as a cure for an impaired libido.
Most disgusting of all, Egyptian physicians used human and animal excrement as a cure-all remedy for diseases and injuries. According to 1500 B.C.’s Ebers Papyrus, donkey, dog, gazelle and fly dung were all celebrated for their healing properties and their ability to ward off bad spirits. While these repugnant remedies may have occasionally led to tetanus and other infections, they probably weren’t entirely ineffective—research shows the microflora found in some types of animal dung contain antibiotic substances.
5. ArsenicDuring the 1850s, reports of Austrian peasants eating arsenic to give them a healthy porcelain-like complexion swept through Europe and America. An 1898 article in the San Francisco Call, noted the wonderful effectiveness of the natural arsenic found in cucumbers “to bleach the skin and eliminate those unsightly freckles.” The New York Times opined that the “natural arsenic in the cucumber makes it valuable as a skin whitener.” Cucumbers don’t actually contain arsenic and the origin of the myth is totally unknown.
By 1889, anyone wanting “compelling admiration” could avail themselves of “Dr. Campbell’s Arsenic Complexion Wafers” which would “transform the most sallow skin into a radiant health.” While the use of arsenic in cosmetics is now prohibited, the many blogs and video postings of contemporary beauty tips, suggest that for marketing, very little has changed since Victorian times.
Along with its use in cosmetics, arsenic was also used as a cure-all for many conditions afflicting the body. During the eighteenth century, Thomas Fowler promoted a therapy for a multitude of diseases, including malaria, hypertension, ulcers, and cancer. The liquid, known as Fowler’s Solution was made from arsenic, and thoughtfully, lavender extract, to make it appear more medicinal. Fowler’s Solution was employed for over 150 years, as late as the 1940s.
6. Snails
A remedy for sore throat during medieval times was snail syrup. To concoct the syrup, people ventured out to their gardens at daybreak and gathered common garden snails, about a pound of them. They’d remove the shells and slit the snails, then put them in a bag with a half pound of sugar. Under the bag, they’d place a basin to collect the syrup from the snails as they gradually dissolved from the sugar and dripped through the bag. This mucilaginous essence of snail was then used for a variety of maladies: internally for gastrointestinal ulcers, coughs, sore throat and externally for burns and wounds. Medieval ladies collected snail secretions to beautify their skin. Although this sounds disgusting, snail slime stimulates collagen and elastin production; in fact, modern cosmetic companies use snail slime in beauty creams.7. Partial Tongue Removal
Six Mega-galaxies Have Stunned Scientists
by Euronews with AP
Astronomers have detected what appear to be six massive and very ancient galaxies, a discovery they say could upend our understanding of how galaxies formed at the very beginning of the universe.
While the new James Webb Space Telescope has already spotted even older galaxies, it’s the size and maturity of these six apparent mega-galaxies that have stunned scientists.
The latest objects, which appear to date back to roughly 600 million years after the Big Bang, are far bigger than was believed to be possible for galaxies so soon after the dawn of the universe.
"These objects are way more massive than anyone expected," said Joel Leja, assistant professor of astronomy and astrophysics at Penn State, who modelled light from these galaxies.
"We expected only to find tiny, young, baby galaxies at this point in time, but we’ve discovered galaxies as mature as our own in what was previously understood to be the dawn of the universe."
Using the first dataset released from NASA's Webb Telescope, the international team of scientists discovered objects as mature as the Milky Way - when the universe was only 3 per cent of its current age, about 500-700 million years after the Big Bang.
Each of the six objects appears to weigh billions of times more than our Sun. In one of them, the total weight of all its stars may be as much as 100 billion times greater than our Sun, according to the scientists, who published their findings in the journal Nature on Wednesday.
Yet these galaxies are believed to be extremely compact, squeezing in as many stars as our own Milky Way, but in a relatively tiny slice of space, according to lead researcher Ivo Labbe, of Australia’s Swinburne University of Technology.
Labbe said he and his team didn’t think the results were real at first - that there couldn’t be galaxies as mature as the Milky Way so early in time - and they still need to be confirmed. The objects appeared so big and bright that some team members thought they had made a mistake.
"We were mind-blown, kind of incredulous," Labbe said.
Leja said it's possible that a few of the objects might not be galaxies, but obscured supermassive black holes. For now, the team has been referring to these objects as "universe breakers."
"The revelation that massive galaxy formation began extremely early in the history of the universe upends what many of us had thought was settled science," Leja said in a statement.
"It turns out we found something so unexpected it actually creates problems for science. It calls the whole picture of early galaxy formation into question."
These galaxy observations were among the first data set that came from the $10 billion (€9.4 billion) Webb telescope, launched just over a year ago by NASA and the European Space Agency. It's considered the successor to the Hubble Space Telescope, coming up on the 33rd anniversary of its launch.
Unlike Hubble, the bigger and more powerful Webb can peer through clouds of dust with its infrared vision and discover galaxies previously unseen. Scientists hope to eventually observe the first stars and galaxies formed following the creation of the universe 13.8 billion years ago.
The researchers still are awaiting official confirmation through sensitive spectroscopy, careful to call these candidate massive galaxies for now.
While some may prove to be smaller, "odds are good at least some of them will turn out to be" galactic giants, Labbe said. "The next year will tell us."
One early lesson from Webb is "to let go of your expectations and be ready to be surprised," he said.
It was a large lovely garden, with soft green grass. Here and there over the grass stood beautiful flowers like stars, and there were twelve peach-trees that in the spring-time broke out into delicate blossoms of pink and pearl, and in the autumn bore rich fruit. The birds sat on the trees and sang so sweetly that the children used to stop their games in order to listen to them. "How happy we are here!" they cried to each other.
One day the Giant came back. He had been to visit his friend the Cornish ogre, and had stayed with him for seven years. After the seven years were over he had said all that he had to say, for his conversation was limited, and he determined to return to his own castle. When he arrived he saw the children playing in the garden.
"What are you doing here?" he cried in a very gruff voice, and the children ran away.
"My own garden is my own garden," said the Giant; "any one can understand that, and I will allow nobody to play in it but myself." So he built a high wall all round it, and put up a notice-board.
TRESPASSERS
WILL BE
PROSECUTED
He was a very selfish Giant.
The poor children had now nowhere to play. They tried to play on the road, but the road was very dusty and full of hard stones, and they did not like it. They used to wander round the high wall when their lessons were over, and talk about the beautiful garden inside. "How happy we were there," they said to each other.
Then the Spring came, and all over the country there were little blossoms and little birds. Only in the garden of the Selfish Giant it was still winter. The birds did not care to sing in it as there were no children, and the trees forgot to blossom. Once a beautiful flower put its head out from the grass, but when it saw the notice-board it was so sorry for the children that it slipped back into the ground again, and went off to sleep. The only people who were pleased were the Snow and the Frost. "Spring has forgotten this garden," they cried, "so we will live here all the year round." The Snow covered up the grass with her great white cloak, and the Frost painted all the trees silver. Then they invited the North Wind to stay with them, and he came. He was wrapped in furs, and he roared all day about the garden, and blew the chimney-pots down. "This is a delightful spot," he said, "we must ask the Hail on a visit." So the Hail came. Every day for three hours he rattled on the roof of the castle till he broke most of the slates, and then he ran round and round the garden as fast as he could go. He was dressed in grey, and his breath was like ice.
"I cannot understand why the Spring is so late in coming," said the Selfish Giant, as he sat at the window and looked out at his cold white garden; "I hope there will be a change in the weather."
But the Spring never came, nor the Summer. The Autumn gave golden fruit to every garden, but to the Giant's garden she gave none. "He is too selfish," she said. So it was always Winter there, and the North Wind, and the Hail, and the Frost, and the Snow danced about through the trees.
One morning the Giant was lying awake in bed when he heard some lovely music. It sounded so sweet to his ears that he thought it must be the King's musicians passing by. It was really only a little linnet singing outside his window, but it was so long since he had heard a bird sing in his garden that it seemed to him to be the most beautiful music in the world. Then the Hail stopped dancing over his head, and the North Wind ceased roaring, and a delicious perfume came to him through the open casement. "I believe the Spring has come at last," said the Giant; and he jumped out of bed and looked out.
What did he see?
He saw a most wonderful sight. Through a little hole in the wall the children had crept in, and they were sitting in the branches of the trees. In every tree that he could see there was a little child. And the trees were so glad to have the children back again that they had covered themselves with blossoms, and were waving their arms gently above the children's heads. The birds were flying about and twittering with delight, and the flowers were looking up through the green grass and laughing. It was a lovely scene, only in one corner it was still winter. It was the farthest corner of the garden, and in it was standing a little boy. He was so small that he could not reach up to the branches of the tree, and he was wandering all round it, crying bitterly. The poor tree was still quite covered with frost and snow, and the North Wind was blowing and roaring above it. "Climb up! little boy," said the Tree, and it bent its branches down as low as it could; but the boy was too tiny.
And the Giant's heart melted as he looked out. "How selfish I have been!" he said; "now I know why the Spring would not come here. I will put that poor little boy on the top of the tree, and then I will knock down the wall, and my garden shall be the children's playground for ever and ever." He was really very sorry for what he had done.
So he crept downstairs and opened the front door quite softly, and went out into the garden. But when the children saw him they were so frightened that they all ran away, and the garden became winter again. Only the little boy did not run, for his eyes were so full of tears that he did not see the Giant coming. And the Giant stole up behind him and took him gently in his hand, and put him up into the tree. And the tree broke at once into blossom, and the birds came and sang on it, and the little boy stretched out his two arms and flung them round the Giant's neck, and kissed him. And the other children, when they saw that the Giant was not wicked any longer, came running back, and with them came the Spring. "It is your garden now, little children," said the Giant, and he took a great axe and knocked down the wall. And when the people were going to market at twelve o'clock they found the Giant playing with the children in the most beautiful garden they had ever seen.
All day long they played, and in the evening they came to the Giant to bid him good-bye.
"But where is your little companion?" he said: "the boy I put into the tree."
"We don't know," answered the children; "he has gone away."
"You must tell him to be sure and come here to-morrow," said the Giant. But the children said that they did not know where he lived, and had never seen him before; and the Giant felt very sad.
Every afternoon, when school was over, the children came and played with the Giant. But the little boy whom the Giant loved was never seen again. The Giant was very kind to all the children, yet he longed for his first little friend, and often spoke of him. "How I would like to see him!" he used to say.
Years passed, and the Giant grew very old and feeble. He could not play about any more, so he sat in a huge armchair, and watched the children at their games, and admired his garden. "I have many beautiful flowers," he said; "but the children are the most beautiful flowers of all."
One winter morning he looked out of his window as he was dressing. He did not hate the Winter now, for he knew that it was merely the Spring asleep, and that the flowers were resting.
Suddenly he rubbed his eyes in wonder, and looked and looked. It certainly was a marvelous sight. In the farthest corner of the garden was a tree quite covered with lovely white blossoms. Its branches were all golden, and silver fruit hung down from them, and underneath it stood the little boy he had loved.
Downstairs ran the Giant in great joy, and out into the garden. He hastened across the grass, and came near to the child. And when he came quite close his face grew red with anger, and he said, "Who hath dared to wound thee?" For on the palms of the child's hands were the prints of two nails, and the prints of two nails were on the little feet.
"Who hath dared to wound thee?" cried the Giant; "tell me, that I may take my big sword and slay him."
"Nay!" answered the child; "but these are the wounds of Love."
"Who art thou?" said the Giant, and a strange awe fell on him, and he knelt before the little child.
And the child smiled on the Giant, and said to him, "You let me play once in your garden, to-day you shall come with me to my garden, which is Paradise."
And when the children ran in that afternoon, they found the Giant lying dead under the tree, all covered with white blossoms.
Change the sentence by using different OPENERs and then DRESS UPs, but keep the meaning.
• In the case of (1)s, (7)s, and (8)s, information will have to be added.
• In the case of the (6) OPENER, something will probably have to be omitted.
Keep it fairly simple. Do not add tons description and details when you change the sentence. That might be a fun second step, but that is NOT part of this first part of the lesson. The first challenge is to keep the meaning (as much as possible) but vary the stylistic technique.
It is okay to change the tense of the sentence!
who/which
(1) Because the birds flew into the tree, which was just outside the bay window, the cat on the windowsill watched them.
ly adverb
The cat sat on the windowsill slyly watching the birds.
The cat purred softly as he gazed at the birds from his secret nook on the windowsill.
The cat lounged lazily on the windowsill watching the birds in the trees outside.
because
You can write a new sentence or FLIP FLOP your (5) OPENER SENTENCE
(5) While sitting on the windowsill, the cat was watching colorful chirping birds.
The cat was watching colorful chirping birds while sitting on the windowsill.
(2) On Saturday the cat sat on the plush pillowed windowsill and watched the birds.
(3) Slyly, the cat on the windowsill was watching the iridescent chirping birds.
(4) Sitting on the windowsill, the purring cat was watching the birds.
(5) While sitting on the windowsill, the cat was watching birds in the blossoming cherry tree.
(6) The determined cat watched patiently.
(7) Alarmed by the birds, the cat watched from the sun soaked windowsill.
(2) On Saturday the cat nestled into the plush pillowed windowsill and watched the birds.
(3) Slyly, the cat on the windowsill was spying on the iridescent chirping birds.
(4) Balancing on the windowsill, the purring cat was watching the birds.
(5) While pacing along the windowsill, the cat watched birds in the blossoming cherry tree.
(6) The cat studied the birds.
(7) Bewitched by the fluttering birds, the cat considered them from the windowsill.
(article + adj. + 8) An overwhelming curiosity enveloped the cat as he sat on the windowsill watching birds.
who/which
Choose a sentence from above, add the DRESS UP, indicate it, and put the sentence here:
ly adverb
Choose a sentence from above, add the DRESS UP, indicate it, and put the sentence here:
because
Choose a sentence from above, add the DRESS UP, indicate it, and put the sentence here:
Choose a sentence from above, add the DRESS UP, indicate it, and put the sentence here:
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)