The Four Temperaments

 The Four Temperaments Test      https://openpsychometrics.org/tests/O4TS/

In ancient Greece, Hippocrates (c. 460–370 BC) introduced a theory of four temperaments. Hippocrates was an ancient Greek physician who lived during Greece's classical period. He is regarded as the father of medicine. The writings of Hippocrates are the first on the four temperaments.

Getting To Know Ourselves And Others Better; The Four Temperaments

Most scholars believe that we are all a mix of all four temperaments, although two are usually strongest for most people. 

There is usually one predominate temperament that characterizes us. 

Here is some more information on each of the four temperaments.

SANGUINE –  Anticipating the best; optimistic; full of hope [from early 16th c.]

People of a sanguine temperament are outgoing, optimistic, friendly and make friends easily. They are easy-going, expressive, emotional, energetic and extreme. They are talkative, open and productive, and usually have many things going on at once. They live in the moment, love to connect with people and find social interaction invigorating, though they still need time to themselves. They have an open sense of humor and are light-hearted. They are motivational and encouraging and love to help people see the bright side of life. They smile and laugh often and are quick to forgive and forget. When people connect with a sanguine person, they feel like they have known them all of their life. 

MELANCHOLIC –  Especially of a thoughtful or introspective nature.

Melancholics are contemplative and perfectionistic.  They set extremely high standards for themselves but can be pessimistic and assume the worst. They prefer to be alone rather than to be in a crowd.  Melancholics are not at all impulsive. They see a job through to completion and make sure that they do their best job. They often crave time alone and prefer a few close friends to many different ones. They feel emotions deeply. Because they are sensitive and so in tune with their thoughts and feelings, they also have a big heart for others, especially others who are going through struggles in life. 

PHLEGMATIC – Not easily excited; calm 

Phlegmatic people tend to be introverted and prefer to avoid conflict. They are often described as patient, kind, and understanding. They are not easily ruffled and tend to remain calm even in stressful situations. Phlegmatic people also have a great sense of humor and are often very creative.

CHOLERIC – Easily aroused to anger

Choleric people are extroverted, proud and not afraid to bluntly speak their mind!  They are quick-thinking, strong-willed, love to prove themselves and are easily annoyed. They are very independent and self-reliant.  Cholerics are firm and forceful and are givers of tough love. They love to challenge others and can be aggressive and confrontational. They are lovers of competition, but hate to ever lose. They are not given to fantasy or imagination. They can make great, supportive and defensive friends and are extremely stubborn always striving to be strong and independent. 

Here is information of the four types of personality based on Hippocrates Theory. They are:  Choleric, Sanguine, Melancholic, and Phlegmatic.

1. CHOLERIC — TYPE A

We begin with the most brave & outstanding personality named “Choleric.” There are some famous people with this personality such as Bill Gates, Donald Trump, and Michael Jordan. This type is well-known as an individual with an aggressive, goal oriented, and also passionate personality. They usually want to do everything in an effective way and prioritise the result-oriented. Agility, bravery, and optimism are the unique traits of choleric personality. In daily life, they tend to achieve something greater, give the best performance, and are eager to compete with others. In addition, they are also confident, productive, and great decision makers. Based on that, choleric people will always strive for excellence and can be trusted as a natural leader.

2. SANGUINE — TYPE B

Moving forward, there is a personality with a high extraversion and always to socialise with other people named “Sanguine.” Extraversion is something connected to the quantity and intensity of individual social interaction. It is shown from high sociability, assertiveness, talkativeness, and self-confidence. Most famous people have this type of personality such as Johnny Carson, Marilyn Monroe, George Washington, etc. People with this personality look cheerful, friendly, and talkative. They also want to be self-centred and undependable. We can look for the example of sanguine students, they are always optimistic with a bright end in mind. In addition, they are also well known as an extrovert with an abundance of energy that can be reached from socialising and outgoing. Enthusiastic, people-oriented, communicative, and also popular are things that are inherent in a sanguine. To sum up, this personality is suitable for breaking the ice and being fun in every situation.

3. MELANCHOLIC — TYPE C

The next one, we move to another personality with a high introversion and tend to be an individualistic person. This is a melancholic personality. Famous people who have this personality are Albert Einstein, Michael Jackson, Stephen Hawking, and many more. They are unlike Choleric and Sanguine as extroverts, but they more enjoy the activities alone. We can identify them as slowly rising but strong feelings. Besides, melancholic people are acclaimed as relatively small classifications of emotion, but a significant strength and duration of them. Even though they do not express as much as extroverts do, when they respond, they feel courageous (Akmal et al. 2022). Perfectionist, analytical, and well-scheduled suit the best for this personality. In a nutshell, melancholic people always want to strive for the best based on their own standard and to spend quality time with the closest people.

4. PHLEGMATIC — TYPE D

Last but not least, we seek for this most humble and patient person called “Phlegmatic.” For example, Elon Musk and Walt Disney and many more. This personality tends to be calm and lacks quickness. In addition, phlegmatic people are slow and balanced people who are difficult to express emotions and feelings. They are often unlikely to be motivated by any stimulus. But in fact, they are categorised as people with higher tolerance to relatively simple and monotonous tasks. As a summary, people with phlegmatic personalities are most likely to be enjoyable, calm, and ready to be a mediator when there is trouble.

We can observe that from the different personality types that have been mentioned, people have different characteristics. These characteristics, such as Choleric, Sanguine, Melancholic, and Phlegmatic, are the key distinctions between one person and another.

Spitting to Survive (Source Text)

 Spitting to Survive

 by Liana Mahoney

    Spit keeps our mouths moist and softens our food when we chew. Without spit in our mouths, we would have a hard time talking. We would find it even harder to swallow. But for some animals, spit works better after it has left the mouth. Some animals are experts at surviving because they are expert spitters.  (5)

    Llamas are animals often found in petting zoos and farms. These animals seem to like their personal space. A llama that feels threatened or annoyed will spit slimy gobs at you to get you to leave it alone. Sometimes llamas even spit on each other to steal food! This trick usually works, because llama spit includes food from the llama’s stomach, and it can be quite smelly. When a llama spits on another animal, the animal usually loses its appetite and walks away, leaving its food behind. (6)

    The archerfish is a very skilled spitter. This fish is like a submarine with a loaded weapon. It takes aim and spits jets of water at insects and other small creatures to knock them into the water. Then it gulps them down quickly. To create such a forceful stream of water, an archerfish closes its gills, and uses its tongue to form a tube in its mouth. Then the fish sticks its snout out of the water and aims. Aim! Launch! Lunch! (~7)

    Spitting cobras are also known for their expert aim. These snakes spray poisonous venom from their fangs to protect themselves. Scientists believe that these snakes actually aim for the eyes! When the cobra’s venom gets into the eyes of an animal, the venom causes terrible pain, and even blindness. This gives the snake plenty of time to get away. (5)

    Spitting is considered to be rude behavior in people. But for some animals, spitting can be a smart way to get lunch – or a clever way to avoid becoming lunch!  (2)

Writing a Mystery Story (w/ Video)

 Writing a Mystery Story

An Egyptian Tomb DMC Lesson 15

DMC Homework Reminder.  An Egyptian Tomb

DUE: 2-28-24

Lesson 15: An Egyptian Tomb

Do the required work in your book: pages 142, 143, 144

A handwritten KWO should be completed and turned in with your essay next week.

You MAY do additional research if you want more ideas or historical context. Cite your sources at the bottom of your essay.

Stylistic Requirements:

Indicate 1 of each DRESS UP
w/w
ly
bc
asia
prep
QA
SV

Indicate 5 OPENERs  

These are probably the easiest:

(2)

(3)

(5)

(6)

(10)

You may choose any 5 OPENERs (no repeats)

James please indicate 9 OPENERs (BBs), at least 1 ENHANCEMENT (DEC), and an OWL

Remember that properly used and properly indicated vocab is extra credit.

NO banned words

NO contractions

If you need it -- minimal dialogue allowed (2 sentences). You must punctuate properly.

Remember to double space and indent.

A proper title block is required.                                 Link to example of proper title block.

A properly filled out CHECKLIST is required.         Link to CHECKLIST template.

If either of those links do not work, go to the Writers Mark website and search the right sidebar. 

They are there.

Stevie Wonder and JennnyLynn Dietrich

1) The Wonderful Stevie Wonder 

https://e3readingnook.blogspot.com/2020/05/sra-78-wonderful-stevie-wonder.html

2) Deaf Blind /JennnyLynn Dietrich 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6uxZ4u6nses

Watch and answer the questions at the bottom of this post.

 

TED TALK - Deaf Blind

IN YOUR ONLINE NOTEBOOK: Complete and answer the following: 

1) Autonomy -  This means to make fully informed decisions without ________________________.

2) JennyLynn tells us the names of two women who are strong advocates in the deaf/blind community. What are the names of the two women?

3) According to JennyLynn, is s anyone completely independent in our world? Why or why not?

4) What does SSP stand for? (~5.23 time mark)

5) Complete this: Jenny says, "We are not here for you to pity us . . . . .  We are here to live _________________." 

6) Who is the man behind JennyLynn?  What is he doing?

7) (~10:15 time mark) What are the pieces of advice Jenny Lynn gives to the general public? 

There are at least 6 action items.

HOMEWORK
Write an essay comparing Stevie Wonder and JennyLynn's lives.

Compete a KWO for this?

What do they have in common? 

They are quite far apart in age. How is the world better or worse for deaf, blind, and deaf/blind people different today than when Stevie Wonder was JennyLynn's age?

You may do a little outside research. CITE SOURCES!

Required stylistic requirements:
Indicate 1 of each BBs (AKA: DRESS UPs)

7 SENTENCE STARTERs (AKA: OPENERS)

3 ENHANCEMENTs  (AKA DECS)

NO BWs

NO Contractions

Cite Sources

Handwritten KWO must be inserted into HW Doc

CHECKLIST required

Guide to Mystery Writing

Consider the Sub-genres of Mystery

When it comes to mystery and murder mystery subgenres, here are the usual suspects:

Cozy Mysteries

Cozy mysteries often take place in small towns, frequently featuring charming bakeries and handsome mayors. Though the crime is normally murder, there’s no gore, no severed heads in boxes, and no lotion in the basket. As a result, there are rarely any traumatized witnesses or family members in these murder mysteries — making cozies perfect for a gentle fireside read. Example: the Miss Marple series by Agatha Christie.

Recommended reads

• A Guide to Cozy Mysteries [blog post]
• And Then There Were None: The 10 Best Agatha Christie Books [blog post]

Police Procedurals

Police procedurals commonly center on a police investigation (betcha didn’t see that one coming). They feature realistic law enforcement work, such as witness interrogation and forensic science, and require a great deal of research to convince readers of their authenticity. Example: Tana French’s Dublin Murder Squad series.

Noir Detective Novels

Most associate “noir” with black-and-white films of cynical gumshoes and femme fatales. Their flawed characters and complex plots are renowned for leaving readers in the grey. (Did the investigator do the right thing? Was the culprit really evil?) The crime may be solved by the end, but the mystery itself is rarely so open-and-shut. Example: The Maltese Falcon

Suspense

A suspense mystery is all about high stakes and unexpected twists — elements that make it nearly impossible to stop reading. The mystery builds throughout the narrative, clues are painstakingly planted to divulge just the right amount of information, and things are constantly edging towards a dramatic, often shocking climax. Example: Gillian Flynn’s Gone Girl.

2. Commit to a Crime Before You Write

While some authors like to write without an outline, improvisation doesn’t lend itself well to the mystery genre. To build suspense effectively and keep your readers engaged, you’ll need to drip feed information bit by bit — which means you’ll need to know your crime and its culprit inside out before you put pen to paper.

Consider not only who committed the crime, but how they pulled it off, and why. Is there anything unusual about their methods, or any specific details you can include that will add texture to your story — say, the lingering smell left behind by a specific real-world poison or perfume? Would anyone else have witnessed the crime — or thought they witnessed it — and if so, why might they remain silent?

By mapping out and researching your crime, you can think about telltale clues that may have been left behind, and when best to reveal these clues to your readers to keep them hooked. 

3. Research & Pick Your Setting with Purpose

Setting is the backbone of mystery; it fosters the right atmosphere and typically plays a significant role in the plot. Pick a setting with which you are familiar. This adds depth and authenticity to your mystery.

4. Carve out an Intriguing Cast of Characters

Mysteries are largely about human intrigue, and to pull that off, you’ll need  an interesting cast of characters. Dedicate time to figuring out your victim (if there is a victim), perpetrator, suspects, and sleuth. 

Create a Memorable Sleuth

Your sleuth, whether they’re a nosy neighbor or a chief inspector, serves as the eyes and ears of your novel — so it’s important that the reader cares about them from the start! 

Explain your sleuth’s motive. What’s stopping them from saying “I guess we’ll never know” and walking away? Would an innocent person be jailed? Will the thief strike again? Or is your sleuth’s motive less selfless, maybe a promotion or a cash reward?

Your sleuth doesn’t have to be a quirky mega-genius a la Sherlock Holmes, but even your “everyman” amateur detective should still be a well-rounded and unique character. Give them idiosyncrasies, interests, and a life outside of the crime, including perhaps a history or connection to the victim that makes them especially invested — “this time, it’s personal…”

Profile Your Perp

You will first need to get their motive right. Your entire plot hinges on this character and their reason for committing a crime, so it has to be thoroughly believable! 

What did/does the bad guy stand to gain or lose? More often than not, the answer will involve money, power, or both.

Explore the Dynamics Between the Victim & Suspects

For there to even be a mystery, your culprit can’t be the only possible criminal. To keep readers hunting for the truth, try to show your other suspects having any two of the following:

• means (did they have access?), 
• motive (how would they have benefited from the crime?), 
• and opportunity (were they close to the crime scene?). 

It’s then the job of the sleuth (and the reader in tandem) to dig out whether they have all three — and even if so, whether they actually did it. 

5. Build Tension Throughout the Story

A good mystery has the push-and-pull between question and answer. As the author, it’s your job to draw the reader’s attention to the right things at precisely the right moment. 

The best way to ensure this is to expertly plan your novel’s shift from the unknown to the known. You’ll produce the gripping rise in action that all great mystery stories possess. Here’s how to do just that.

Hit 'em with a Hook

Every story should start with a great first line, but mysteries are particularly fertile ground for first-rate hooks. Many authors open with the crime. 

“We were about to give up and call it a night when somebody dropped a trunk of jewels off the bridge.”
— John D. MacDonald, Darker than Amber (edited)

There’s no one “right way” to open your mystery story. But to make sure it’ll capture readers' attention, try to write an opening that 

a) jolts readers into paying attention
b) leads them to ask further questions 
c) introduces some stakes (conflict, danger, etc.)

Pull out the Red String & Connect Your Clues

You’ve successfully enticed readers with your hook! Now, to keep them engaged, you’ll need to structure your plot around the clues to your mystery’s solution. 

For this, consult the Fichtean Curve, a narrative structure that emphasizes rising action, tension and mini-crises — the idea being to keep readers eager to learn more. You must organize your plot so that each new clue ratchets up the tension, until you arrive at the climax.

This moment takes place when the pivotal clue turns up, or when your sleuth realizes the significance of a forgotten lead. What happens at that point leads to your novel's ending.

Give Your Sleuth Time to Think

While you may want to make your story as action-packed as possible, it's also important to slow down at times.  

You can even employ misdirection here by having the sleuth make mistakes and get things wrong sometimes. Or, they could off their special skills that make them a good investigator.

Consider Red Herrings

Because they lead the reader down the garden path and away from the truth, you might think red herrings would cause frustration. But when done well, they’re part of the fun, and that’s why they’re a tried-and-true trope of murder mystery. 

By upping the tension and escalating the pace, even if it’s towards a dead end, red herrings conjure the signature push-and-pull of the mystery genre. (Not to mention, they keep readers from guessing the answers too soon!)

For a classic mystery bait-and-switch, you might consider:

• a character who appears complicit, but isn’t;
• an object that seems more important than it is (cleverly subverting Chekhov’s Gun!); or
• a misleading clue that was planted by the culprit.

Finally, remember that when it comes to the ending of your mystery, it’s important to play fair. Don’t suddenly introduce an evil twin as the final twist without setting it up earlier! The ultimate conclusion should be both unexpected and earned.

You don't want to hint too obviously at the twist (such as who the bad guy is), because then the reader might put the pieces together prematurely and the reveal scene will feel lackluster and anticlimactic. At the same time, you don't want the twist to feel like it comes out of left field, because then you'll lose the reader's trust. You need to leave just enough breadcrumbs throughout the story so the reader feels like the twist has been right under their nose the whole time.

sources:

https://blog.reedsy.com/chekhovs-gun/

https://blog.reedsy.com/how-to-write-a-mystery/

32 Mystery Writing Prompts

 

1. The richest man on Earth has a hidden vault filled with millions of dollars, expensive jewelry and gems. One night he goes to add to his collection of gems and notices a sentimental piece of jewelry missing.
2. One-by-one random things keep on going missing in your house. First your watch, then a teapot. Who is taking them and why?
3. One of your classmates mysteriously stops coming to school. It’s been nearly 2 weeks since you last saw them. What could have happened to them?
4. A person takes a game of snakes and ladders too literally. In random locations around the city, snakes and ladders have been placed. Where do those ladders go? Why are snakes placed in these random places? Can you solve this strange mystery?
5. Last night a series of supermarkets and warehouses across the city were robbed. The thief or thieves only steal toilet paper. Can you solve this case?
6. Meet Benji, the cat detective. Benji is a feisty feline who is on a mission to capture the great tuna can thief. 
7. You are a reporter for the Imagine Forest Times newspaper, you are writing an article on the missing rare bird eggs in the local forest.
8. Imagine you are a security guard. It’s your first night shift at the local art Museum. The next morning a priceless painting goes missing, and you are blamed. You need to prove your innocence before you are sent to prison, but how?
9. Write a time travel mystery story where the main character keeps going back in time to find out  . . . . . .
10. You and your friends go to the fairground. You decide to ride the carousel. Round and round you go, and then the ride stops. When it stops you notice one of your friends is suddenly missing. Where did they go?
11. The main character in your story is caught red-handed with the missing jewel in their hand. But did they really steal this jewel?
12. Someone has been stealing mobile phones at your school. You think you know who it is, so you set up a try to catch the thief.
13. You discover a note in your bag. It says, “I know what YOU have done!” – Who can have left this note, and what are they talking about?
14. For over 10 years, your twin sister was missing. But there she is – Suddenly walking in the middle of the street. Where has she been? What happened to her?
15. A mysterious person has stolen all your teddy bears and is holding them for ransom somewhere. Each day you get a cryptic riddle. If you can solve each riddle you will receive one teddy bear back each time. 
16. It’s the year 3,000. Your main character is a lawyer for a robot. They must prove this robot’s innocence in a human murder trial. 
17. “Poppy! Poppy! Where are you, buddy?” Mindy searched for her pet Labrador everywhere. But she was nowhere to be seen. It turns out all the dogs in town have been missing since last night. What could have possibly happened to them?
18. You notice some muddy footprints leading into a thick forest at your local park. You follow this trail of footprints to a secret hatch in the woods. The door of the hatch has been left open. When you go inside you discover something shocking.
19. Your dog digs up an old lunchbox in your backyard. Inside the lunchbox, you find a key, an address and some old newspaper clipping of missing people. You think you can solve this case of the missing people by just visiting that address. But things get a little more complicated…
20. A small-town sheriff gets caught up in the biggest robbery in history. When over a million dollars just vanish into thin air, people are quick to blame the shifty-eyed sheriff from out of town. But is he really the culprit in this crime?
21. When Sara was a young girl she was kidnapped by a strange man and woman who took care of her. But now Sara wants to know what happened to her real parents. Are they still alive? Are they still looking for her?
22. Write a mystery story titled, ‘Who Stole My Homework?’ The main character’s A* worthy English essay is stolen by someone, but who?
23. “10 car windows broken in 10 days! What does it all mean? What does it mean?” Exclaimed Detective Riley.
24. A lost bracelet ends up in your best friend’s locker at school, along with other precious items. Your best friend is wrongly accused of stealing these items.
25. One girl must find her stolen prom dress before the prom. In the days leading up to the prom, more and more of her accessories for prom night are being stolen. Who is this thief?
26. Every night the car alarms for every car on your street turn on at exactly 2.03 am. why is this happening, and who is responsible?
27. A mysterious hacker has hacked into the city’s power grid. They have the power to on and off electricity whenever they want. Can you catch them before they do any more damage?
28. Your teacher gives back your English assignment, and you got an F! Looking closer, you realise that this is not your assignment at all! The same starts happening in your other classes. Someone has been swapping your assignments – But who?
29. A family picnic at the park becomes unbearable when you open up the basket to discover every family members untold secrets.
30. Your main character is a news reporter who is convinced that the killer of Rosie Moore is still out there. They know that the police have convicted the wrong person for this awful crime. Can your main character find the real killer before the wrong person is sentenced to life in prison?
31. Someone has been replacing all shampoos around town with a hair removal solution. When half the town’s hair starts falling out, it is up to you, a top detective to solve this crime.
32. Write an animal mystery tale about a dog who wants to find the original owner of a doll he found in the park.